If you or someone you care for has already been diagnosed with COPD, stay positive in knowing you have taken the first step. Although COPD is a serious and progressive disease, there are medications that can help better manage symptoms so you may resume daily activities. Your doctor can prescribe treatments designed for each stage of the condition that may help improve your quality of life.1
Many COPD medications work by relaxing the airways, making breathing easier.1,2 These are called bronchodilators, and they are usually inhaled, though some can be taken as pills or syrup.1 There are several types of bronchodilators:
Corticosteroids, either inhaled or taken orally, are also used in COPD, though not as commonly as bronchodilators.1 Corticosteriods help to reduce swelling and inflammation in the airways.1,2
Other types of therapy and lifestyle changes, such as pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and quitting smoking, can also help control symptoms.1 Your doctor may choose a combination of therapies to optimize the management of your COPD.
Read on to learn more about specific medications and other complementary therapies.
Medication Delivery Methods
Many types of medications are used to treat COPD. Your healthcare provider will decide which medicine is best for you based on your medical history, breathing tests, and other laboratory tests. COPD medications are available in many forms, the most common of which are inhaled medications. Inhaled medications are delivered directly to the airway and lungs using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), a dry-powder inhaler (DPI), or a nebulizer. Both MDIs and DPIs deliver the medication in a "puff" that you breathe in. A nebulizer turns the liquid medication into a fine mist that you can breathe in slowly through a mouthpiece.3
The 3 most common ways COPD medication is administered:
Nebulizers

A nebulizer system consists of a nebulizer (a small reservoir) and an air compressor. Pressurized air is used to change the medication to a mist, which is inhaled for approximately 5 to 10 minutes. With a nebulizer you breathe normally through a mouthpiece or mask to get your medicine, however they can be time-consuming to use.3
Dry-powder inhalers (DPIs) are small, portable devices that contain medication in powder form. These inhalers are breath-activated, so they require less hand-breath coordination than MDIs.4,5 However, you need to be able to inhale rapidly for the device to work properly.4,5 To use a DPI, you fill a chamber with the medicine, exhale, and then breathe in deeply and rapidly.4,5
Tell your doctor if you find your medication difficult to use. There are alternative therapies available to you.
Talking With Your Doctor
With all the medicine delivery options available, the best thing to do is to speak with your doctor to find out which dispensing method is right for you. You can click here to read some tips that will enable you to communicate more effectively with your doctor.
References:
1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. November 2006. Available at: www.goldcopd.org. Accessed May 20, 2008.
2. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. COPD: Medicines. Information for Patients. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; 2005. Available at: www.upmc.com. Accessed June 6, 2008.
3. COPD Fact Pack.
4. Dolovich DE, Ahrens RC, Hess DR, et al. Device selection and outcomes of aerosol therapy: evidence-based guidelines. Chest. 2005;127:335-371.
5. Geller DE. Comparing clinical features of the nebulizer, metered-dose inhaler, and dry powder inhaler. Respir Care. 2005;50:1313-1322.
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